In mice, artificial sweeteners lead to alterations in the microbiome and changes in glucose absorption.
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Zuckerersatzstoffe
Gesunde Ernährung und Schlankheitswahn:
die beliebten
kalorienlosen Zuckerersatzstoffe fördern
möglicherweise über eine Veränderung der Bakterienbesiedelung
des Darmes die Aufnahme zusätzlicher Kalorien und erhöhen über
die schnelle Entwicklung einer
Glukose-Intoleranz das
Diabetes-Risiko.
Kalorienlose Zuckerersatzstoffe werden weltweit von zahlreichen Menschen täglich eingenommen. Sie erhoffen sich dadurch - neben dem angestrebten kosmetischen Effekt - über eine Reduktion des Körpergewichts auch positive Auswirkungen auf ihre Gesundheit. Insbesondere hoffen die Anwender , dass sie mit Hilfe einer zucker- und kalorienarmen Diät sowohl das Herz-Kreislauf-, als auch das Diabetes-Risiko senken können.
Doch nun hat eine israelische Forschergruppe im renommierten Fachblatt Nature eine Studie veröffentlicht, die diese optimistische Annahme in Zweifel zieht. Die kalorienlosen Zuckerersatzstoffe verändern nämlich bei Versuchstieren - aber auch bei gesunden freiwilligen Studienteilnehmern - innerhalb kurzer Zeit die Darmflora auf eine Weise, die die erhöhte Aufnahme von Glukose und Fettsäuren fördert und so die Entstehung der als Vorstufe einer Zuckerkrankheit gewerteten Glukose-Unverträglichkeit (Glukose-Intoleranz und metabolisches Syndrom) begünstigt. Durch diese gefährliche Stoffwechselstörung wird das individuelle Diabetes-Risiko drastisch erhöht.
Die an der Untersuchung beteiligten Forscher empfehlen aufgrund dieser überraschenden Studienergebnisse daher die völlige Neubewertung aller kalorienlosen Zuckerersatzstoffe und die Durchführung weiterer Studien.
Do Artificial Sweeteners Cause Glucose Intolerance?
Noncaloric artificial sweeteners, such as saccharine, sucralose, and aspartame, were introduced to control body weight and lower risk for diseases linked to obesity. Yet the epidemic of type 2 diabetes and obesity has coincided with introduction of noncaloric sweeteners. Most of us assume that the epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes led to more use of noncaloric sweeteners. However, researchers in Israel report that the opposite might be true: Use of noncaloric sweeteners might have contributed to the epidemic.
Mice that are given noncaloric sweeteners develop glucose intolerance quickly, compared with mice that are given sucrose or glucose. Introduction of dietary noncaloric sweeteners promptly alters the mouse microbiome to favor biochemical pathways that enhance absorption of calorie-rich glucose and short-chain fatty acids. Giving antibiotics to the glucose-intolerant mice eliminated glucose intolerance, and transplanting feces from sweetener–fed animals into germ-free animals produced glucose intolerance in these control animals, whereas feces transplanted from glucose-fed mice into controls didn't produce glucose intolerance.
Seven healthy human volunteers who did not regularly consume noncaloric sweeteners were placed on a diet that contained noncaloric sweeteners. Within 1 week, four participants developed glucose intolerance. Stool from these people, when transplanted to mice, also produced glucose intolerance. Stool from the three humans who did not develop glucose intolerance did not produce glucose intolerance in mice.
Citation(s):
Do Artificial Sweeteners Cause Glucose Intolerance?
In mice, artificial sweeteners lead to alterations in the microbiome and changes in glucose absorption.
Noncaloric artificial sweeteners, such as saccharine, sucralose, and aspartame, were introduced to control body weight and lower risk for diseases linked to obesity. Yet the epidemic of type 2 diabetes and obesity has coincided with introduction of noncaloric sweeteners. Most of us assume that the epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes led to more use of noncaloric sweeteners. However, researchers in Israel report that the opposite might be true: Use of noncaloric sweeteners might have contributed to the epidemic.
Mice that are given noncaloric sweeteners develop glucose intolerance quickly, compared with mice that are given sucrose or glucose. Introduction of dietary noncaloric sweeteners promptly alters the mouse microbiome to favor biochemical pathways that enhance absorption of calorie-rich glucose and short-chain fatty acids. Giving antibiotics to the glucose-intolerant mice eliminated glucose intolerance, and transplanting feces from sweetener–fed animals into germ-free animals produced glucose intolerance in these control animals, whereas feces transplanted from glucose-fed mice into controls didn't produce glucose intolerance.
Seven healthy human volunteers who did not regularly consume noncaloric sweeteners were placed on a diet that contained noncaloric sweeteners. Within 1 week, four participants developed glucose intolerance. Stool from these people, when transplanted to mice, also produced glucose intolerance. Stool from the three humans who did not develop glucose intolerance did not produce glucose intolerance in mice.
Comment
This report argues that, although artificial sweeteners lack calories, they can change the gut microbiome in a way that leads to absorption of more calories and that compromises glucose tolerance. That surprising claim surely will be tested.
Citation(s):
Noncaloric artificial sweeteners, such as saccharine, sucralose, and aspartame, were introduced to control body weight and lower risk for diseases linked to obesity. Yet the epidemic of type 2 diabetes and obesity has coincided with introduction of noncaloric sweeteners. Most of us assume that the epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes led to more use of noncaloric sweeteners. However, researchers in Israel report that the opposite might be true: Use of noncaloric sweeteners might have contributed to the epidemic.
Mice that are given noncaloric sweeteners develop glucose intolerance quickly, compared with mice that are given sucrose or glucose. Introduction of dietary noncaloric sweeteners promptly alters the mouse microbiome to favor biochemical pathways that enhance absorption of calorie-rich glucose and short-chain fatty acids. Giving antibiotics to the glucose-intolerant mice eliminated glucose intolerance, and transplanting feces from sweetener–fed animals into germ-free animals produced glucose intolerance in these control animals, whereas feces transplanted from glucose-fed mice into controls didn't produce glucose intolerance.
Seven healthy human volunteers who did not regularly consume noncaloric sweeteners were placed on a diet that contained noncaloric sweeteners. Within 1 week, four participants developed glucose intolerance. Stool from these people, when transplanted to mice, also produced glucose intolerance. Stool from the three humans who did not develop glucose intolerance did not produce glucose intolerance in mice.
- See more at: http://www.jwatch.org/na36048/2014/10/23/do-artificial-sweeteners-cause-glucose-intolerance?query=etoc_jwcard#sthash.VSWvsvti.dpufmehr lesen
Quelle: Nature 2014
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Comment
This report argues that, although artificial sweeteners lack calories, they can change the gut microbiome in a way that leads to absorption of more calories and that compromises glucose tolerance. That surprising claim surely will be tested.